Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1719-1787 ) - 1542 Words

Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart better known as, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was born in Salzburg, Austria to Leopold and Anne Marie Mozart. Leopold Mozart (1719-1787) was a violinist, composer and the Vice-Kapellmeister to the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg. His elder sister Marie Anne also nicknamed â€Å"Nannerl†, and are the only two to survive out of seven children. He and his sister were both child prodigies in music. At the age of three, Mozart would watch and mimic his elder sister as she played the harpsichord. Mozart’s father gives up composing and eventually becomes a teacher when he recognizes his children’s talents, he spent a lot of time with them on music and othe subject at which they also exceeded in these areas as well. Leopold teaches Mozart how to play the clavier, organ, and violin. At the age of four, he had already mastered some of the works his father had him play and by the time he was five, he had already composed a small andante and an allegro. In 1762, Mozart and his family traveled across Europe on a long tour that took three years to the courts of Paris, London, Munich, Mannheim, The Hague, and back to Paris, home and then Zurich, and Donaueschingen were they performed for the imperial court and nobles. In some of the cities they visited on tour Mozart would play, and sometimes his sister would improvise or play in courts, public, or church. In Paris, Mozart’s first music was published, sonatas for violin andShow MoreRelated Mozart Essay examples2056 Words   |  9 Pageswealth of serious and comic operas as well as vocal religious music also appeared during this time†(Ferris, 231). One of the best composer of this time was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In this paper I will go through his childhood, his friends and family, and of course his music. Enjoy!!! Child of the Enlightenment The world that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart entered ceremoniously in 1756 was brimming in change. Historians refer to this era as the Ag e of Enlightenment, one of unparalleled scientific, philosophicalRead MoreWolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesof Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria Pertl, Wolfgang Amadeus was born in Salzburg on January 27, 1756. Considered by many to be one of the greatest musical prodigies in history, by the age of three he was already a keyboard-player and violinist. By five he was composing symphonies. Leopold Mozart (1719-1787), his father, undertook complete responsibility for the tutoring of Wolfgang and his elder sister Maria Anna (Nannerl), an extremely gifted keyboard player in her own right. Mozart spent fromRead MoreThe SUmmer of a Jupiter Symphony Essay2410 Words   |  10 PagesThe Summer of a Jupiter Symphony The year is 1788 as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began to work on his last three symphonies during a time of strife for musicians as the Austro-Turkish War continues to war on in Austria. Tired from moving his family from central Vienna to the suburbs of Alsergrund all while in debt to his ears as he continued to borrow money from friends including a fellow mason, Michael Puchberg, Mozart finished his final symphony on August 10, 1788. This piece, nicknamed the â€Å"JupiterRead MoreWolfgang Amadeus Mozart4740 Words   |  19 PagesWolfgang Amadeus Mozart (German: [ˈvÉ”lfÉ ¡Ã‰â€˜Ã…‹ amaˈdeus ˈmoË tsaÊ t], English see fn.[1]), baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart[2] (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. He is among the most enduringly popular o f classical composers. Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhoodRead MoreGeorge Frederick Handel Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesRiver Thames in 1715, during which the F major suite from Handels Water Music was probably played. Under the sponsorship of the duke of Chandos, he composed his oratorio Esther and the 11 Chandos anthems for choir and string orchestra (1717-20). By 1719 Handel had won the support of the king to start the Royal Academy of Music for performances of opera, which presented some of Handels greatest operas: Radamisto (1720), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), and Rodelinda (1725). In 1727 Handel became

The Conflict Of The United States - 855 Words

The definition of genocide must of recently changed without many individuals being aware, unless the current ongoing pertinent issue did not want to be addressed in the twenty-first century. In the largest country in Africa, it is unimaginable that a genocide conducted by their government continues while the rest of the world does nothing. The largest country in Africa is Sudan, which is located on the northeastern side of Africa. The western region of Sudan is the primary focus, Darfur. This region of Sudan has experienced for years a consistent war that overtime has become forgotten. In the twenty-first century, it is difficult to realize that an actual genocide is happening. The individuals in this region are experiencing a harsh and difficult life that begin in the year of 2003. Given, the conflict of Darfur began in the year of 2003 involving over 300,00 people being murdered and more then two million being displaced. Everyday individuals are being raped, murdered, displaced, a nd their villages are being burned down. The violence increases and individuals begin to believe that the raids were supported by the government. Otherwise, the government would of ceased the treatment. The armed forces of the government in Sudan are at an ongoing war with two rebel groups. The armed forces that is supported by the government is known as Janjaweed, literally meaning Devils on horseback. The two rebels group declare that their goals are to force the government of Sudan toShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Of The United States1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe beginning of the United States is largely rooted in a history of conflict. Lost in this history are the struggles of Native-Americans who played an integral role in shaping the nation. The development of the United States is a dialogue of culture clash wherein Indigenous nations desperately fought for their survival against conquering cultures and ideologies. Conquest narratives often fail to contextualize the true plight of Indigenous peoples in protecting their land. These Indigenous used variousRead MoreThe Conflict Of The United States863 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence, especially in some Asian countries. These situations can be caused by a war for many years, terrorists or natural disaster. Today, because of the war in Syria, millions of refugees are trying to move to other countries, including the United States. Therefore, it is necessary for US to take in refugees because it is our responsibility and morality to care about victims and refugees. There are a lot of reason reason can cause people to flee their homelands and become refugees. For exampleRead MoreThe Conflict Of The United States1342 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Joseph Brennan Jr. once said, â€Å"Religious conflict can be the bloodiest and cruelest conflicts that turn people into fanatics.† They often lead into wars and indefinite massacres. These kind of tensions tend to occur because of a fear that grows inside a country’s majority from a significant increase of another minor ethnic or religious group. That is the case Myanmar or Burma is facing today. According to the CNN journalist Ivan Watson, the conflict is happening between Buddhists, who are estimatedRead MoreThe Conflict Of The United States967 Words   |  4 Pages If the conflict of differences of opinions were to happen between authorities, then â€Å"they would lessen the respectability of the leaders, weaken the authority that they have, and distract the plans that they may have had†, as stated in Federalist 70 (3). Having too many leaders at once leads to chaos because people start to question what is being said to be true or false. He says that they may split the community into the most violent and incompatible groups, observing differences to the differentRead MoreConflicts And Fusions Of The United States1189 Words   |  5 PagesConflicts and fusions As we all know, the year 1865 was an essential year for people in the United States. It was also a beginning for American people to unify their countries and also a beginning for slaves’ freedom. However, it was also the year 1865 when American people lost a great leader, Abraham Lincoln. In Lincoln’ s 200th birthday, Obama said, â€Å"It s a humbling task, marking the bicentennial of our 16th President s birth-humbling for me in particular, because it s fair to say that weRead MoreEthnic Conflict in the United States678 Words   |  3 PagesEthnic Conflict in the United States The United States is considered a melting pot because of the vast array of different cultures, ethnicities, and religious groups who all live within its borders. Other countries with fewer cultural differences have been torn apart by the conflicts that arise between these differing groups. It is believed by some that the United States has been able to avoid such ethical conflicts as have brought down other nations but looking at American history it is evidentRead MoreConflict Resolution Of The United States1511 Words   |  7 Pageswonderful world of conflict resolution; more importantly, conflict resolution in the church. For the past six weeks students have constantly studied the different type of conflicts as well as the different methods of resolving the conflicts in question. This paper will cover a variety of the types of conflicts and some of the resolution learned in the class this year. In addition to that, the paper will also detail different case studies of the Bible where these particular conflicts are shown, howRead MoreThe Conflict Between China And The United States1386 Words   |  6 PagesHuntington’s theory of the â€Å"clash of civilizations† through cultural divisions in the context of the increasing global conflict between China and The United States. In essence, the â€Å"clash of civilizations† between China and the United States will be primarily based on the problem of cultural hegemony in the 21st century struggle for global dominance between these two modern nation states. Huntington’s theory provides ample evidence of the growing clash of religious cultural values, which are often basedRead MoreThe Conflict in Darfur and United States Involvement877 Words   |  4 PagesThe conflict in Darfur refers to the fighting that is happening in the western region of Sudan known as Darfur. These fights have been taking place since 2003 and have continued to today. Similarities can be made to the Rwandan Genoc ide; there is a government funded and armed militia that is not officially supported by the government that is killing a local population. The citizens of the region of Darfur that are being killed are not Arabic, like the majority of the rest of Sudan is, however, theyRead MoreThe Importance Of Foreign Conflicts In The United States1571 Words   |  7 Pagesearly years of this country’s founding. As the world’s only remaining superpower, should the United States remain globally vigilant? Should the United States ever shy away in the fact of glaring evidence of human rights abuses around the world? Should the United States let these countries maintain their freedom and right to govern themselves without outside interference? US involvement in foreign conflicts is a waste of resources, lives and money. US resources should be used to benefit its citizens

Introduction Of Homeland Security Boston Marathon Bombing

Introduction to Homeland Security Boston Marathon Bombing Usually a fun and exciting day, April 13, 2013 is literally a holiday in Boston, Massachusetts. This holiday is known as Patriot’s day. Many people from around the world come to Boston to put their bodies to the test and run in an iconic 26.2-mile marathon known as the Boston Marathon. On that day, many people would witness an act of terrorism on the people, which would leave a mark in history, killing three and injuring 260 people. The Boston Marathon bombing would become the worst terrorist attack on US soil since September 11, 2001. On April 12, 2013, it was a special day in Massachusetts. Many people gather to watch runners for an iconic run through Boston. Today would be the change of many people’s life. An eight-year-old would lose his life along with two other people. Almost twenty people would go on to become an amputee. The Tsarnaev brothers studied â€Å"how to† videos and documents showing them how to construct a homemade bomb. In the description, there was a statement telling them to trust in Allah. Two homemade bombs were placed near the finish line, probably a block apart. The first one going off closer to the finish line. As soon as the bomb goes off, all there is to see is a giant area, behind the fencing, of blood, people screaming and an immediate panic. The next couple days were a race to get the suspects apprehended before more carnage could happen. The city was locked down. The brothers were linkedShow MoreRelatedIntroduction The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department1600 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department of Defense and the National Guard in terms of Homeland Security. The areas of Homeland Defense and Civil Support will be primary subsections of Homeland Security which will be reviewed. For purposes of defining a time period none of the literature reviewed will be prior to September 11, 2001. The reasoning for this being to examine Homeland Defense using literature pertaining to 9/11 and the BostonRead MoreCommunication Response To 9 / 11 And The Boston Marathon Disaster1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Twin Towers on 9/11 in New York, there was chaos and confusion throughout New York and the entire country. The events following the Boston Marathon Bombing were full of confusion and stress. However, in both events, first responders were there to aid in whatever way they were able. First responders, like those that responded to 9/11 and the Boston Marathon Bombing, rely heavily on proper communication to do their job properly. While communication has advanced in the past years, there are alwaysRead MoreTechnology Has Become An Important Factor For Day1903 Words   |  8 Pagesguilty of surveilling its citizens, many citizens have vocalized their stance or opinion on the matter. While some citizens claim they cannot function with knowing that they are being watched, others say it is a necessary evil to ensure national security and prevent terrorism. There is an invisible line to many people between citizens’ personal space, and the government invading that bubble of personal space. The Patriot Act legalized mass surveillance in America in 2002. The Act was passed by PresidentRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021813 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Since the creation of the Homeland Security Act in 2002 after the 9/11, attack the department has come across challenges and criticism from the government and private sectors alone. Since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 it has been amended in carrying out the effects of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The activity report has shown it provides a strong well-rounded and strategic foundation of the highest priorities in which it ensures the department will invest and operate in a producingRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021815 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Since the creation of the Homeland Security Act in 2002 after the 9/11, attack the department has come across challenges and criticism from the government and private sectors alone. Since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 it has been amended in carrying out the effects of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The activity report has shown it provides a strong well-rounded and strategic foundation of the highest priorities in which it ensures the department will invest and operate in a producingRead MoreDrones in America and How They Infringe on the 4th Amendment and Due Process of the Law2930 Words   |  12 Pagesstrict â€Å"limitations† the researcher reluctantly reports that, within the articles examined in this research document that transiently the community will have an overwhelming interest to be more receptive of drones used domestically. Introduction Since 9/11 Homeland security has infringed on the rights of Americans. First, it was TSA at the airport doing full body searches, and then it was a camera monitoring traffic at every street light. Now, it is unmanned aerial vehicles otherwise known as dronesRead MoreThe Psychology of Terrorist Group Recruitment2301 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction One of the most complex aspects of counterterrorism (CT) for the intelligence community (IC), law enforcement (LE), and CT communities is the psychology of terrorism. In the broad study of the psychology of terrorism, a highly misunderstood and challenging subject area is the recruitment of terrorists. A â€Å"normal,† rational person would wonder why an individual would pledge to commit acts of terror that would inflict lethal or grave danger upon innocent civilians for a politicallyRead MoreHate Crime And Mass Shootings Essay4636 Words   |  19 PagesAmerica s Greatest Threats: Domestic Terrorism, Hate Crimes and Mass Shootings I. Introduction Executive Order 13224 on Terrorist Financing under the guidelines of the United States (U.S) National Emergency Act (Pub. L. 94-412) went into effect on September 24, 2001 by President George W. Bush and remains active, for the reason that President Barak Obama, kept the order in an uninterrupted state of emergency throughout his presidency. Due to the guidelines of the statute, national state

The Selfishness Of Man in Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath Essay

The Selfishness of Man Cultural and economical pressures often lead people to behave corruptly. In John Steinbeck?s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, set in the dustbowl era, people act out of greed rather than out of consideration or kindness. Tom Joad and his family have been run off their land by inconsiderate, money hungry businessmen who do not care about the impact homelessness will have on the evictees. The story revolves around the Joad Family?s trip (joined by former preacher Casey) from Oklahoma to California, along route 66, where they expect to find work. Though Casey and the Joads are goodhearted and honest people, they are the victims of dishonesty and dupery when they realize that the jobs they have come so far to acquire pay†¦show more content†¦But what?ll happen to us? How?ll we eat? You?ll have to get off the land. The plows?ll go through the dooryard. (p.33)? This display of cruelty exemplified by the tenant owners shows the inhumane and pitiless attitudes which they possess. Their c ruelty towards their fellow man epitomizes the inhumanity which exists throughout the novel. Along with acting inhumane, businessmen also act selfishly and greedily in the beginning of the novel. Knowing that there will be many people homeless and jobless, orchard owners send out flyers encouraging tenants to come to California and pick fruits on their land. The flyers call for a certain amount of workers, yet they are sent to many more people than they call for, causing inflation at the orchard, the orchard owners receive many workers, and because of the mass number of employees, they can pay the workers less than what was originally promised. The orchard owner?s wily ways shows the lack of care for their fellow man. They exemplify their greed and dishonesty, and do not care that others are starving while they are perfectly content. They exemplify the inhumane and selfish actions which are ever-present throughout the novel. While being encamped in California after futile attempts to find good work, the Joads continue to experience the inhumane and selfish behavior of the businessmen. One day a car pulls up in the camp, and when everyone gathers around, the businessman in the carShow MoreRelated A Comparison of The Grapes of Wrath and Anthem Essay example914 Words   |  4 PagesComparing The Grapes of Wrath and Anthem      Ã‚  Ã‚   Two great intellectuals of the early twentieth century wrote works of fiction that have become classics; they espoused polar-opposite views, however, of how society best functions. Their battle between communalism, as pictured in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, and individualism, as portrayed in Ayn Rands Anthem, was played out in their novels, and still continues to this day. Based on Ayn Rands book Anthem, Rand would definitelyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of The Boy With A Red Pony1492 Words   |  6 PagesSharon is also called Rosashara, she is a married, teenage daughter of senior Joads. Sharon’s husband leaves her and then this have-not bears a stillborn baby because of the hardships she endures. As the story ends, she gives her own milk to a starving man to save his life. Noah is the slow-witted second son of senior Joads. He finally wanders around. He undergoes the pressures of the journey. Hunger becomes too much for this have-not to bear in the hardships so he dies. Al is the third son of seniorRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath Synthesis Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesso much so, that some have argued human nature is intrinsically violent and aggressive. This can be seen in chapter 25 of The Grapes of Wrath: the mindless destruction of resources ultimately amounts to nothing productive. In his novel, Steinbeck expresses harsh criticism and disa pproval toward humanity’s self-destructive and violent nature. Man’s cruelty to his fellow man, a major theme in the book, is very clearly addressed in chapter 25: â€Å"And men with hoses squirt kerosene on the oranges, andRead MoreWhen Creating His Short Stories/Novels, John Steinbeck1665 Words   |  7 PagesSteinbeck was able to see the United States develop, flourish. With this background, Steinbeck created some of his well known pieces being The Grapes of Wrath, Cannery Row, and Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team. The three books all have something in common. Each share real life experiences while pertaining to the theme(s) relevant in that era. The Grapes of Wrath is based in the Great Depression era in the Oklahoma dust bowl is about a family and thousands of others who set out on a journey to CaliforniaRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Grapes Of Wrath 2169 Words   |  9 Pages Reoccurrence of a life Lurking underneath Steinbeck’s vivacious verbs and vivid adjectives, the reader can see his vivid, and often, complex characters. Steinbeck does not write specifically about the stories of his life, yet incorporates his own innate feelings into his characters. He institutes archaic animations in his characters that flow through each of his own stories. John Steinbeck s works, include little pieces of himself hidden in the heavy plots. This is also known becauseRead MoreScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath1720 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath In the novels The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influenceRead MoreEssay on Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Jungle1892 Words   |  8 PagesSteinbecks The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Jungle The global appeal of the so-called American dream of happiness and success has drawn many people to the â€Å"promised land† for hundreds of years. Although the American government preached equality for all on paper, it was driven primarily by money. Both Upton Sinclair and John Steinbeck recognized this and used literature to convey the flaws of capitalism. Sinclair’s The Jungle satirized America’s wage slavery at the turn of the centuryRead MoreSymbolism Of The Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 2259 Words   |  10 Pages Symbols In The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family experiences many hardships on the journey to and in California, ranging from dying family members to a lack of sufficient food. In the third chapter of the novel, author John Steinbeck introduces a determined turtle who attempts to make its journey across a highway. The turtle is apparently nearly run over multiple times, and is actually hit by a car. This causes the turtle to be flipped on its shell, until it catches its footing and â€Å"little

Locke, Berkeley Hume Free Essays

Locke, Berkeley Hume Enlightenment began with an unparalleled confidence in human reason. The new science’s success in making clear the natural world through Locke, Berkeley, and Hume affected the efforts of philosophy in two ways. The first is by locating the basis of human knowledge in the human mind and its encounter with the physical world. We will write a custom essay sample on Locke, Berkeley Hume or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second is by directing philosophy’s attention to an analysis of the mind that was capable of such cognitive success. John Locke set the tone for enlightenment by affirming the foundational principle of empiricism: There is nothing in the intellect that was not previously in the senses. Locke could not accept the Cartesian rationalist belief in innate ideas. According to Locke, all knowledge of the world must ultimately rest on man’s sensory experience. The mind arrives at sound conclusions through reflection after sensation. In other words the mind combines and compounds sensory impressions or ideas into more complex concepts building it’s conceptual understanding. There was skepticism in the empiricist position mainly from the rationalist orientation. Locke recognized there was no guarantee that all human ideas of things genuinely resembled the external objects they were suppose to represent. He also realized he could not reduce all complex ideas, such as substance, to sensations. He did know there were three factors in the process of human knowledge: the mind, the physical object, and the perception or idea in the mind that represents that object. Locke, however, attempted a partial solution to such problems. He did this by making the distinction between primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities produce ideas that are simply consequences of the subject’s perceptual apparatus. With focusing on the Primary qualities it is thought that science can gain reliable knowledge of the material world. Locke fought off skepticism with the argument that in the end both types of qualities must be regarded as experiences of the mind. Lockes Doctrine of Representation was therefore undefendable. According to Berkley’s analysis all human experience is phenomenal, limited to appearances in the mind. One’s perception of nature is one’s mental experience of nature, making all sense data objects for the mind and not representations of material substances. In effect while Locke had reduced all mental contents to an ultimate basis in sensation, Berkeley now further reduced all sense data to mental contents. The distinction, by Locke, between qualities that belong to the mind and qualities that belong to matter could not be sustained. Berkeley sought to overcome the contemporary tendency toward atheistic Materialism which he felt arose without just cause with modern science. The empiricist correctly aims that all knowledge rests on experience. In the end, however, Berkeley pointed out that experience is nothing more than experience. All representations, mentally, of supposed substances, materially, are as a final result ideas in the mind presuming that the existence of a material world external to the mind as an unwarranted assumption. The idea is that to be does not mean to be a material substance; rather to be means to be perceived by a mind. Through this Berkeley held that the individual mind does not subjectively determine its experience of the world. The reason that different individuals continually percieve a similar world and that a reliable order inheres in that world is that the world and its order depend on a mind that transcends individual minds and is universal (God’s mind). The universal mind produces sensory ideas in individual minds according to certain regularities such as the laws of nature. Berkeley strived to preserve the empiricist orientation and solve Lockes representation problems, while also preserving a spiritual foundation for human experience. Just as Berkeley followed Locke, so did David Hume of Berkeley. Hume drove the empiricist epistemological critique to its final extreme by using Berkeley’s insight only turning it in a direction more characteristic of the modern mind. Being an empiricist who grounded all human knowledge in sense experience, Hume agreed with Lockes general idea, and too with Berkeley’s criticism of Lockes theory of representation, but disagreed with Berkeley’s idealist solution. Behind Hume’s analysis is this thought: Human experience was indeed of the phenomenal only, of sense impressions, but there was no way to ascertain what was beyond the sense impressions, spiritual or otherwise. To start his analysis, Hume distinguished between sensory impressions and ideas. Sensory impressions being the basis of any knowledge coming with a force of liveliness and ideas being faint copies of those impressions. The question is then asked, What causes the sensory impression? Hume answered None. If the mind analyzes it’s experience without preconception, it must recognize that in fact all its supposed knowledge is based on a continuous chaotic volley of discrete sensations, and that on these sensations the mind imposes an order of its own. The mind can’t really know what causes the sensations because it never experiences cause as a sensation. What the mind does experience is simple impressions, through an association of ideas the mind assumes a causal relation that really has no basis in a sensory impression. Man can not assume to know what exists beyond the impressions in his mind that his knowledge is based on. Part of Hume’s intention was to disprove the metaphysical claims of philosophical rationalism and its deductive logic. According to Hume, two kinds of propositions are possible. One view is based purely on sensation while the other purely on intellect. Propositions based on sensation are always with matters of concrete fact that can also be contingent. It is raining outside is a proposition based on sensation because it is concrete in that it is in fact raining out and contingent in the fact that it could be different outside like sunny, but it is not. In contrast to that a proposition based on intellect concerns relations between concepts that are always necessary like all squares have four equal sides. But the truths of pure reason are necessary only because they exist in a self contained system with no mandatory reference to the external world. Only logical definition makes them true by making explicit what is implicit in their own terms, and these can claim no necessary relation to the nature of things. So, the only truths of which pure reason is capable are redundant. Truth cannot be asserted by reason alone for the ultimate nature of things. For Hume, metaphysics was just an exalted form of mythology, of no relevance to the real world. A more disturbing consequence of Hume’s analysis was its undermining of empirical science itself. The mind’s logical progress from many particulars to a universal certainty could never be absolutely legitimated. Just because event B has always been seen to follow event A in the past, that does not mean it will always do so in the future. Any acceptance of that law is only an ingrained psychological persuasion, not a logical certainty. The causal necessity that is apparent in phenomena is the necessity only of conviction subjectively, of human imagination controlled by its regular association of ideas. It has no objective basis. The regularity of events can be perceived, however, there necessity can not. The result is nothing more than a subjective feeling brought on by the experience of apparent regularity. Science is possible, but of the phenomenal only, determined by human psychology. With Hume, the festering empiricist stress on sense perception was brought to its ultimate extreme, in which only the volley and chaos of those perceptions exist, and any order imposed on those perceptions was arbitrary, human, and without objective foundation. For Hume all human knowledge had to be regarded as opinion and he held that ideas were faint copies of sensory impressions instead of vice – versa. Not only was the human mind less than perfect, it could never claim access to the world’s order, which could not be said to exist apart from the mind. Locke had retained a certain faith in the capacity of the human mind to grasp, however imperfectly, the general outlines of an external world by means of combining operations. With Berkeley, there had been no necessary material basis for experience, though the mind had retained a certain independent spiritual power derived from God’s mind, and the world experienced by the mind derived its order from the same source. Word Count: 1374 How to cite Locke, Berkeley Hume, Papers

Patient Assessment and Care Plan Development - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Patient Assessment and Care Plan Development. Answer: Introduction: The nursing process provides an orderly and logical way in problem-solving approaches for administers in the nursing care unit so that the customers needs are efficiently met (DOENGES MOORHOUSE, 2012, p.5). The nursing process comprises of five steps which are the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The environment in which the assessment of the patient gets done should be safe to minimize any risk that may occur to the nurse or the patient (Smith and Rushton, 2015, p.34). The patient's room can be assessed for any material or wire that may cause risk during the assessment. Another crucial factor to consider before the evaluation is the privacy and dignity of the patient remains confidential by drawing the curtains around the patient's bed. Moreover, the patient should be at rest and comfortable emotionally and physically before the assessment begins. According to Smith and Rushton (2015, p.34), the nurse should also ensure that all the equipment she needs are available in good working condition before the assessment begins. This equipment may include a watch, stethoscope, a pulse oximeter and score chart to fill the findings after making observations. The nurse can also check the hygiene of her hands before beginning the assessment of the patient. According to Banet et al. (2013), vital signs can be detailed research on established findings of the patient, and they provide more credible information on the treatment measures to be taken on a patient. It may involve the nurse understanding the adequacy of oxygenated tissues in the blood that will enable natural breathing for the patient. For instance, a patient can be suspected of hypoxia when the signs and symptoms indicate low-oxygen levels in the blood (SHELLEDY PETERS, 2016, P.188). Other significant signs and symptoms may include excitement, restlessness, headache, and overconfidence. When the nurse does a physical examination of the patient, he or she has an increased heart rate and respiratory rate which raised the blood pressure and respiratory distress signs. The nurse, therefore, measures the pressure pulse launched by the heart within a specified period. Another simple test that is made by the nurse is when she measures the saturation of oxygen by pulse oximetry which provides an estimate of the oxygen saturation that safe and convenient (SHELLEDY PETERS, 2016, p. 189). Either way, the nurse may decide to make a direct measure of the patient's arterial oxygen composition. Though it is a suitable method to be used by nurses, it quite expensive and time consuming compared to other ways. According to SHELLEDY PETERS (2016, p.189), the treatment of hypoxia depends on the rate at which it may have affected the patient because the signs and symptoms tend to differ depending on the degree of infection. For instance, a patient with mild hypoxia will tend to have an increase in the breathing rate and shortness of breath which increases the heart rate and mild hypertension. It causes a patient to be overconfident, excited, tired, restless and in some cases, the patient feels dizzy (SHELLEDY PETERS, 2016, p.190). The moderate hypoxia is said to be identified by intercostal retractions and tachypnea which causes hypertension among its patients. The moderate hypoxia may cause agitation, impaired judgment, decreased in night vision and confusion. The severe hypoxia is characterized by strict respiratory arrest and cyanosis which result in cardiac arrest, hypertension which is later followed by hypotension. Most of the patients in this stage experience severe headaches, comma and sometimes unconsciousness (SHELLEDY PETERS, 2016, p.190). Primary Assessment of the Respiratory patient The assessment of the breathing rate of the patient is essential to find comprehensive information about what may be ailing the patient. According to GEHRIG WILLMANN (2013, p.224), the nurse may assess a series of steps which may include her placing her hands on the patient to feel the chest rise which enables her to know that if the patient is breathing in and out at an average rate. Furthermore, she may count the number of times the chest rises for about 30 seconds and multiply by 2 to find the patient's respiratory rate. The nurse takes sufficient time doing this so that she may make the critical observation on the rate of breathing and characteristics of what happens when the patient is breathing in and out (GEHRIG WILLMANN, 2013, p. 224). Therefore, the nurse can note if the breathing of the patient is irregular and she may also further her observation when she listens for any unusual breathing sounds. She can know if the patient requires a lot of effort to breathe because an average person's breathing is usually quiet and effortless. Furthermore, the nurse can understand if the breathing is abnormal when the patient breaths rapidly or has a weak air intake into the lungs (GEHRIG WILLMANN, 2013, p.224). According to GEHRIG WILLMANN (2013, p. 225), during the respiration assessment, it should be best done immediately after taking the pulse of the patient and the patient should not know whether the nurse measures his or her respiration rate. It is essential because respiration rate is under voluntary control and therefore if the patient knows that the nurse is counting the breaths she or he is making, the patient may change the breathing pattern (GEHRIG WILLMANN, 2013, p.225). This will result in inaccurate information regarding the patient which is very dangerous as it may lead to wrong diagnosis. Hence, after determining the pulse rate of the patient, the nurse should keep her fingers in a resting position on the patients wrist and begin making assessment on the patients breathing rate. This will keep the patient at rest since she or he may assume that the nurse is still counting her pulse rate. Furthermore, the nurse may observe the patient's breathing rate through the use of peripheral vision which sees the rising and falling of the chest through the patient may control the breathing rate voluntarily (GEHRIG WILLMANN, 2013, p.225). During this period of observing the rise and fall of the patient's chest when breathing, the nurse can note whether there is an abnormal breathing pattern when she counts the number of respirations the patient has made in 1 minute. It will further the nurse's findings on the unusual breathing characteristics of the patient. After all the results, the nurse can record the observations and conclusions in the patient's charts. It mostly relies on knowledge taught and it's a bit complex because it revolves around nursing theories and practices. Therefore, nurses may find it hard to understand how some aspects relate to care planning. According to Moura et al. (2015), the Roper-Logan nursing model aims at providing theoretical knowledge about nursing care based on daily living activities. The model is used by a nurse to assess the independence of the patient depending on their actions on a regular basis. It helps the nurse in determining which interventions may lead to increase independence as well as what are the ongoing support that is needed to terminate any dependency that may still exist (Moura et al., 2015). Hence, the nursing care plan comprises of what needs to be done to solve the actual problem that is ailing the patient. It also helps the patient to have a positive mindset on issues that they may experience and cannot get cured. Therefore, the activities done on a daily basis should not be in a checklist, but instead, Roper says that the nurse should view them as a cognitive approach on the care and assessment of the patient. The model states that the patient on admission undergoes evaluation and her or his independence and dependence should undergo review throughout the evaluation and care plan. Hence, the nurse is able to check if a patient is improving or not through observation of the patients change in the independence and dependence continuum. The model also includes activities of living such as eating and drinking, breathing, elimination, mobilization and maintaining a safe environment (Moura et al., 2015). For the assessment made, hypoxia affects the rate of breathing as one of its vital signs. The disease further results in hypertension and loss of consciousness. About breathing, Roper states that the mechanism of respiration is the expansion of the lungs to inhale oxygen which is followed by the relaxation of the lungs when exhaling carbon dioxide. The module further states that oxygen is transferred from the lungs to the tissues of the body through the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the tissues through the blood when the lungs exhale and relax. According to Roper et al. (2012), he states that many activities affect the activity of breathing. For instance, diseases that affect the lower and upper respiratory duct which can lead chronic bronchitis, cancer of the lungs, asthma and acute conditions. Furthermore, Roper states that sniffing of toxic components may lead to adverse health effects and may lead to other diseases such as coronary heart disease and cardiac arrest. Hence, the nurse is required to make observations and note problems relating to the changes in the rate, rhythm, and manner of breathing. From the assessment made, hypoxia can be handled by the nurse through determining the pace and rhythm of the heartbeat which enables her to provide the appropriate medication for the illness and prescribe it accordingly. According to the Ropers module, this is the third stage of the nursing process, and it provides evidence of how the nurse intervenes to solve the problem that the patient may be experiencing. It made possible due to the range of knowledge and skill that the nurse has and being an expert in her field of work. The nurse advice the patient on the importance of having more oxygen in the body to get rid of the illness. The nurse may issue the patient with an inhaler so that it can make breathing more comfortable for the patient. Inhalers fall under the category of primary treatments for hypoxia because they deliver high oxygen levels that a patient may need (Stern and AESRX LLC, 2013). If the patient does not respond to this medication the in the nurse would try to give medicine through the veins in the arms and the use of a little of the steroid drugs for purpose within a limited time to shrink the inflammation in the lungs of the patient. For the treatment of a moderate and severe hypox ia patient, medications administered to the patient in prescribed dosage at the intervals of 1-2 hours. The use of best dosage levels provides the patient with better chances of recovering faster. The other step the nurse may undertake for the welfare of the patient is giving the patient dosage that can handle the adverse effects of the illness such as heart rate, respiratory rate and pressure of the blood (Stern and AESRX LLC, 2013).According to the Roper's module, any nursing care plan implemented will have numerous benefits to the patient. This also provides the base for providing the care that a patient may need as his or her situation continues to change. At this stage is where the nurse evaluates whether the care and medication they gave the patient has efficiently worked on making the patient feel better (DOENGES MOORHOUSE, 2012, p. 130). For instance, the patient who was suffering from hypoxia has resolved the breathing problem he had by doing deep-breathing exercises which have helped in oxygen restoration in the blood and tissues of the patient. Furthermore, the use of the inhaler has contributed to the oxygen restoration in the blood of the patient, and this has made his breathing rate to be normal since he is no longer trying to gasp for air. At this stage, the nurse can readjust to priorities she had made earlier if by the end of the evaluation it will not have accomplished them. References Banet, M.J., Zhou, Z., Kopotic, R.J., Dhillon, M.S., Terry, A.S. and Henk, V.I., Sotera Wireless Inc 2013,Device for determining respiratory rate and other vital signs. U.S. Patent 8,506,480. DOENGES, M. E., MOORHOUSE, MF 2012,Application of nursing process and nursing diagnosis: an interactive text for diagnostic reasoning. Philadelphia, PA, F.A. Davis Company. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1109625. GEHRIG, J. S., WILLMANN, DE 2013,Patient assessment tutorials: a step-by-step procedures guide for the dental hygienist. Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Moura, G.N.D., Nascimento, J.C.D., Lima, M.A.D., Frota, N.M., Cristino, V.M. and Caetano, JA 2015, Activities of living of disabled people according to the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing.Northeast Network Nursing Journal,16(3). Roper, N., Logan, W.W. and Tierney, AJ 2012, Model of nursing: explanatory booklet. SHELLEDY, D. C., PETERS, JI 2016,Respiratory care: patient assessment and care plan development. Smith, J. and Rushton, M 2015, How to perform respiratory assessment.Nursing Standard (2014+),30(7), p.34. Stern, W., AESRX LLC 2013,Treatment for hypoxia. 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